Faculty of Arts & Science · St. George

HPS222H1

Science, Paradoxes, and Knowledge

PrerequisiteNone listed

Total contact hours24 lecture · 10 tutorial

Evidence1 term

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What was the average?

B-

2.7 GPA across 1 observed term. Most recent: Fall 2024.

How is it graded?

Not yet verified

No syllabus we can lawfully use has been verified for this course.

How confident is this?

Low

A small number of terms, so read it as a range. The most recent observation is several years old.

From the calendar

Official source · Faculty of Arts & Science

What is the nature of science and scientific knowledge? What is the nature of space, time and motion? Does science tell us the truth about the world? What are scientific revolutions and how they occur? The course will address these and various other questions about science. It will focus on the bearings that philosophical views had on science in different periods in history, starting from ancient Greece and concluding in the 20th C.

Prerequisite: None listed
Contact hours: 24 lecture · 10 tutorial; Total scheduled hours for the course, not per week.

What people actually got

Last observed Fall 2024

B-

2.7 GPA

1 term observed

n = 1student contributedSt. George offerings only

This is a student-contributed aggregate, not an official University of Toronto record. It is also not a measure of how hard the course is — a course average moves with who enrols in it, not only with the material.

The newest observation is from Fall 2024. Instructors, weighting and exam format may all have changed since — treat this as history, not a forecast.

This rests on 1 reported term. It is shown because hiding it would not make it less true, but one or two results are a datapoint, not a distribution — a single unusual cohort moves this number a long way.

What we don’t have yet

Assessment weightingNo syllabus we can lawfully use has been verified for this offering. Contribute yours and the breakdown appears here.

A current averageThe newest verified observation is from Fall 2024. Later terms have no confirmed result yet.

Per-term breakdownHeld back deliberately. Splitting 1 observations across terms would be false precision.

Instructor-level detailAverages are not split by instructor. At these sample sizes the difference between sections is noise, not signal.

Archive coveragePyko holds no past paper for this course. We do not host or distribute course files in any case; the archive is what lets these pages describe how a course is assessed.

Source ledger

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Sources behind every claim on this page
Claim	Source	Captured	Status
Course description, prerequisites, exclusions, contact hours	Faculty of Arts & Science	2026-07-25	public fact
Historical average across 1 term	Student contributions, consented	2026-07-25	user contributed aggregate

Page last verified 2026-07-25. A claim whose source moves is withdrawn before it goes stale.

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